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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

扎根新疆大地做好非遗传承文章******

　　讲述人：石河子大学新疆非物质文化遗产研究中心主任、文学艺术学院教授 吴新锋

　　党的二十大报告指出，繁荣发展文化事业和文化产业。健全现代公共文化服务体系，实施重大文化产业项目带动战略。作为一名高校教师，一名非物质文化遗产的研究者，我更加坚定了传承非物质文化遗产、培养更多优秀传承人、深入推进文化润疆的信心。

　　2009年，从北京大学中文系硕士毕业回到石河子大学工作时，我便确定了自己的目标——开展新疆非遗保护和研究。当时，了解新疆非物质文化遗产的人并不多，这为我们的研究增加了不少困难。但困难的事情总要有人去做，这是新疆的需要，也是时代的需要。

　　十余年来，我们扎根新疆大地做研究，从零开始探索和积累，逐渐影响和聚集起一批优秀人才，极大地推动了新疆非遗研究工作的开展。2011年，石河子大学新疆非物质文化遗产研究中心成立，这是新疆高校首个非物质文化遗产科研机构，是集非遗教学、科研、文化传承与社会服务为一体的重要平台。中心坚持“求真”原则，聚焦新疆工作总目标和新时代党的治疆方略开展非遗科学研究和资政服务，承担了三十余项国家、省部级课题，产出了一批标志性科研成果，出版了新疆首部非物质文化遗产课程教材《新疆非物质文化遗产概论》。

　　2016年开始，中心聚焦非遗人才培养，将其与手工艺行业发展、乡村振兴及非遗文旅融合升级等工作结合起来，立足国家战略需求和新疆、兵团现实需要开展工作。这一转变意味着我们对新疆非遗领域的研究由“求真”转为“致用”。经过多年的努力，新疆非遗传承人培养工作成果丰硕。家住新疆生产建设兵团第六师红旗农场的绣娘左拉汗，是我们承担的文旅部、教育部、人社部中国非遗研培项目哈萨克族毡绣布绣研培班第一期的学员，参加培训时她已经70岁了，是年龄最大的一位学员，却也是最努力、接受新理念最快的学员。参加培训后，左拉汗成立了哈萨克族刺绣合作社，不仅自己年收入突破五万元，还带领连队妇女职工一起创业致富，成为非遗助力乡村振兴的典型。

　　非物质文化遗产是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。习近平总书记日前对非物质文化遗产保护工作作出重要指示，再一次让我们提振了信心。今后，我们将充分发挥非物质文化遗产在文化润疆、铸牢中华民族共同体意识和推进新疆伊斯兰教中国化方面的独特作用，继续在“求真”和“致用”上下功夫，力争在非遗助力乡村振兴、文旅融合升级、服务社会发展和更加系统性的科学研究方面取得新突破。

　　（光明日报记者赵明昊、光明日报通讯员甘秀叶采访整理）

　　《光明日报》（ 2022年12月29日 05版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）